<img src="https://wa2-bid.adsrvr.org/bid/feedback/kargo?t=1&iid=99d0e223-4972-4bf6-b0eb-f74bf47b1ea2&crid=1150r507&wp=6.4341497&aid=79b67641-4b06-4f9f-a460-b1ae46bd98bd&wpc=USD&sfe=1b385fe0&puid=c9105afe-7f67-45b2-abf5-6a3eba5aaec9&bdc=137&tdid=34a2c4f8-db65-4e3c-8d44-f6e9234cc1c5&pid=cbcvsmp&ag=8onyrwf&adv=uzuiyxd&sig=1H_XGivnVj7J_OrDyD8W44eUvRX54Sc9-0sPsBZdUVxQ.&bp=6.43414958214435&cf=9395530&fq=0&td_s=www.britannica.com&rcats=7sp,3c6,2gy,cdz,y29&mste=britannica.com&mfld=2&mssi=&mfsi=&uhow=58&agsa=&rgz=62025&svbttd=1&dt=Mobile&osf=iOS&os=iOS186&br=Safari&rlangs=en&mlang=&svpid=8608&did=KRG-njbx-48663&rcxt=MobileOptimizedWeb&lat=38.808100&lon=-89.955800&tmpc=10.920000000000016&daid=&vp=0&osi=&osv=&mk=Apple&mdl=iPhone&npt=2&cc=1~KLUv_WNa1XJFXwB1CQADEUHeQB5vAM8buOsZsGMNWNkCeL8CdywaAohYAnmeQB4_AFWEATtzgB1zgLXEACiukHX_ADpX2Ob-AUMmCMAzE-sJaNMTAMUHgMQGyAtwrZc3jtfUWwfLCjBka0uT34Lkt-7aN5S2dq4tKL2tJOxWkN5Wjp4WKlYLlE8L0wMtSAKCaCESEEQrjyq99WVa_Vab6Gpb3tCwBFo7vPc-K43PsvosKBD8ZAWB4AcLVU_owf1YijwWFBYriXfz9IBQtIA5esIs9_9UsT5IrO_uHSsLK6GG9rW2BrYGNlbBZ6b38zxblzTSLQemXsMxx7aGXEVWEJYHNkidOLVpL3DCVAk9Sp4kCVgG4Ar88C04CHCH3xkbpf9VcoD_TpY7XqDcLFgNXLC9leJEKBjkJHtsYg..&dur=1~KLUv_WMFoCgkHwA9AQBwRUNjcl9EaWdpdP79Y3IH_EQycEK1mnQJCezRB-4TLtX-J24giAI.&durs=SiK9iq&crrelr=&vc=12&said=04e90bbd-e484-4fb0-b0bb-8ee710e27d65&ict=WiFi&auct=1&us_privacy=1YNY&im=1&mc=6d8c1ed2-76ac-47ff-86ff-4ce95c723f84&ev=Xdx3xyvGCK2-d1uJIhJoHTyK_cakq2uWg2HogIcLIeQ.&rsv=0.0000064928234219234&abr=93a116a2-d7be-4233-a306-f78a42e3acd2&tail=1" width="1" height="1" style="display: none;"/><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=3&c2=18896682&c3=ricsame&c4=1150r507&c5=8onyrwf&c11=79&c12=&c16=ttd&ns_ad_event=load&ns_st_pu=www.britannica.com&ns__t=1761664992&ns__p=99d0e223-4972-4bf6-b0eb-f74bf47b1ea2&ns_ap_device=Mobile&ns_ce_mod=1&rn=344505&ccr=1&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=&ax_uuid=" width="1" height="1" style="display: none;"/><div id="ivo-1042338"><img src="data:image/png,ivo" style="display:none;" onerror="(function e(e,t,i,x,n,a,r,o,d,s,l,c,p,g,m,f){let h,u=new Date,v=(h=new Date().getTime(),'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/[xy]/g,e=>{let t=(h+Math.random())*16%16|0;return h=Math.floor(h/16),('x'===e?t:3&t|8).toString(16)})),y=e=>escape(e),T=t.getElementById('ivo-'+a);if(!T)return void console.error('Could not find element with id ivo-'+a);T.id='i-'+a,T.classList.add('i-'+a);let w=n+'?evt=impression&pid='+a+'&aid='+r+'&sst=0&sid='+v+'&tpl='+y(c)+'&tpi='+y(p)+'&tpid='+y(g)+'&tpsid='+y(m)+'&tpc='+y(f)+'&ti='+u.toISOString()+'to='+u.getTimezoneOffset();d.concat(w).forEach(e=>o.setAttribute('src',e));let E='ivo_ad_'+a;e[E]=[],e[E].push({sessionId:v,element:T,ascm:s,macros:l,organisationTracking:{organisationLineItemID:c,organisationInventoryID:p,organisationAudienceId:g,organisationAudienceSegmentId:m,organisationAudienceCustom:f},rendered:!1});let D=t.head||t.getElementsByTagName('head')[0],S='?'+new Date().getTime(),B=t.createElement('script');B.async=1,B.src=''+(i||x)+S,D.appendChild(B)})(window,document,'https://t.servedbyivo.com/EdRBq12nXg0UgP98ODAvmg-init.js','https://t.servedbyivo.com/EdRBq12nXg0UgP98ODAvmg.js','https://a.servedbyivo.com/_t.gif',1042338,51171,new Image(),[],'https://tk.kargo.com/t/click.13dh5limfodj7r7?rand={cachebuster}&uuid={IMP_ID}&aslot={AD_SLOT}&deal_id={DEAL_ID}&line_item_id={LINE_ITEM_ID}&creative_source=dm&creative_id=83727&id_alpha=DM-CREA-83727&url=https://insight.adsrvr.org/track/clk?imp=99d0e223-4972-4bf6-b0eb-f74bf47b1ea2&ag=8onyrwf&sfe=1b385fe0&sig=CHVf53cIyzJy-QWcjaAW4gA4hAEdC0eIOcUgr1ShGmc.&crid=1150r507&cf=9395530&fq=0&t=1&td_s=www.britannica.com&rcats=7sp,3c6,2gy,cdz,y29&mste=britannica.com&mfld=2&mssi=&mfsi=&sv=kargo&uhow=58&agsa=&wp=6.4341497&rgz=62025&dt=Mobile&osf=iOS&os=iOS186&br=Safari&svpid=8608&rlangs=en&mlang=&did=KRG-njbx-48663&rcxt=MobileOptimizedWeb&tmpc=10.920000000000016&vrtd=&osi=&osv=&daid=&dnr=0&vpb=&crrelr=&npt=2&cc=1~KLUv_WNa1XJFXwB1CQADEUHeQB5vAM8buOsZsGMNWNkCeL8CdywaAohYAnmeQB4_AFWEATtzgB1zgLXEACiukHX_ADpX2Ob-AUMmCMAzE-sJaNMTAMUHgMQGyAtwrZc3jtfUWwfLCjBka0uT34Lkt-7aN5S2dq4tKL2tJOxWkN5Wjp4WKlYLlE8L0wMtSAKCaCESEEQrjyq99WVa_Vab6Gpb3tCwBFo7vPc-K43PsvosKBD8ZAWB4AcLVU_owf1YijwWFBYriXfz9IBQtIA5esIs9_9UsT5IrO_uHSsLK6GG9rW2BrYGNlbBZ6b38zxblzTSLQemXsMxx7aGXEVWEJYHNkidOLVpL3DCVAk9Sp4kCVgG4Ar88C04CHCH3xkbpf9VcoD_TpY7XqDcLFgNXLC9leJEKBjkJHtsYg..&dur=1~KLUv_WMFoCgkHwA9AQBwRUNjcl9EaWdpdP79Y3IH_EQycEK1mnQJCezRB-4TLtX-J24giAI.&durs=SiK9iq&bdc=137&mk=Apple&mdl=iPhone&ict=WiFi&said=04e90bbd-e484-4fb0-b0bb-8ee710e27d65&auct=1&us_privacy=1YNY&tail=1&r=',{'$%7BGDPR%7D':'0','$%7BGDPR_CONSENT_755%7D':'','$%7BGDPR_CONSENT_78%7D':'','%25%25TTD_CREATIVEID%25%25':'1150r507','%25%25TTD_ADGROUPID%25%25':'8onyrwf','%25%25TTD_IMPRESSIONID%25%25':'99d0e223-4972-4bf6-b0eb-f74bf47b1ea2','%25%25TTD_SITE%25%25':'www.britannica.com','%25%25TTD_PARTNERID%25%25':'cbcvsmp','%25%25TTD_SUPPLYVENDOR%25%25':'kargo','%25%25TTD_CAMPAIGNID%25%25':'ricsame','%25%25TTD_ADFORMAT%25%25':'320x50','%25%25TTD_LAT%25%25':'38.8081','%25%25TTD_LONG%25%25':'-89.9558','%25%25TTD_DCO_MAPPINGRULE_MACRO%25%25':'','%25%25TTD_TDID%25%25':'34a2c4f8-db65-4e3c-8d44-f6e9234cc1c5','%25%25TTD_DEVICEID%25%25':'','%25%25TTD_CACHEBUSTER%25%25':'362339'},'{LINE_ITEM_ID}','{AD_SLOT}','{IMP_ID}','','creativeIdAlpha={CREATIVE_ID_ALPHA},dealId={DEAL_ID},dspCreativeId={CREATIVE_ID_RTB}')" /></div> <img width="1" height="1" alt="" style="position: absolute; left: -9999px;" src="https://tk.kargo.com/t/impression.13dh5limfodj7r6?rand={cachebuster}&uuid={IMP_ID}&aslot={AD_SLOT}&deal_id={DEAL_ID}&line_item_id={LINE_ITEM_ID}&creative_source=dm&creative_id=83727&id_alpha=DM-CREA-83727&url=" /> <img width="1" height="1" alt="" style="position: absolute; left: -9999px;" src="https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/trackimp/N1243037.284566THETRADEDESK0/B34091724.428234575;dc_trk_aid=622256832;dc_trk_cid=241409144;u=99d0e223-4972-4bf6-b0eb-f74bf47b1ea2;ord=362339;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;ltd=;dc_tdv=1?" /> <script src="https://cdn.doubleverify.com/dvbm.js#ctx=21179234&cmp=34091724&sid=6235017&plc=428234575&advid=10052789&adsrv=179&mon=1&blk=0&prr=1&turl=www.britannica.com%2ftopic%2flist-of-saints-2061264&auadv=uzuiyxd&aucmp=ricsame&audeal=KRG-njbx-48663&auevent=99d0e223-4972-4bf6-b0eb-f74bf47b1ea2&aufilter1=cbcvsmp&autt=1&c1=cbcvsmp&c2=8onyrwf&c3=kargo&c4=dv-51002212&c5=www.britannica.com&c6=8lfp86l&ppid=102&aucrtv=1150r507&pltfrm=8608"></script> <!-- "krg_ad_info":{ "creativeId": 83727, "format": "Runway", "creativeOrigin": "dm", "idAlpha": "DM-CREA-83727", "vendor": { "code": "ivo", "id": "1042338" }, "execution": "animated", "asdata": { "sitid": "%esid!", "advid": "%eadv!", "camid": "%ebuy!", "linid": "%eaid!", "creid": "%ecid!", "aduid": "%epid!", "size": { "w": "%%WIDTH%%", "h": "%%HEIGHT%%" } }, "settings": { "branding": "kargo", "tracking": [], "disable_hover_hiding": false } } --><span id="te-clearads-js-tradedesk01cont1"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://choices.truste.com/ca?pid=tradedesk01&aid=tradedesk01&cid=ricsame_8onyrwf_1150r507&c=tradedesk01cont1&js=pmw0&w=320&h=50&sid=0&dsarequired=&dsabehalf=&dsapaid=&dsaparams="></script></span><script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.doubleverify.com/dvbm.js#c1=cbcvsmp&auadv=uzuiyxd&aucmp=ricsame&c2=8onyrwf&aucrtv=1150r507&c3=kargo&pltfrm=8608&turl=www.britannica.com%2ftopic%2flist-of-saints-2061264&c5=www.britannica.com&auevent=99d0e223-4972-4bf6-b0eb-f74bf47b1ea2&audeal=KRG-njbx-48663&c6=8lfp86l&c4=dv-51002212&ctx=35531508&cmp=DV1485648&sid=TTD&advid=818053&ppid=354&aufilter2=IM&blk=0&mon=1&autt=1&adsrv=163&plc=dispim&dvtagver=6.1.src&c15=0&rtsurl=https%3A%2F%2Fenduser.adsrvr.org%2Fenduser%2Fdv%2F%3Frtb%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-S0xVdl9XTUZvQ2drSHdBOUFRQndSVU5qY2w5RWFXZHBkUDc5WTNJSF9FUXljRUsxbW5RSkNlelJCLTRUTHRYLUoyNGdpQUkuJmNycmVscj0mdmM9MTImc2FpZD0wNGU5MGJiZC1lNDg0LTRmYjAtYjBiYi04ZWU3MTBlMjdkNjUmaWN0PVdpRmkmYXVjdD0xJnVzX3ByaXZhY3k9MVlOWSZpbT0xJm1jPTZkOGMxZWQyLTc2YWMtNDdmZi04NmZmLTRjZTk1YzcyM2Y4NCZldj1YZHgzeHl2R0NLMi1kMXVKSWhKb0hUeUtfY2FrcTJ1V2cySG9nSWNMSWVRLiZyc3Y9MC4wMDAwMDY0OTI4MjM0MjE5MjM0JmFicj05M2ExMTZhMi1kN2JlLTQyMzMtYTMwNi1mNzhhNDJlM2FjZDImdGFpbD0xJnN2PWthcmdvJnRhaWw9MQ..%26pie%3D"></script>
